There are three stages to CCUS: capture, transport, and then either utilisation or safe storage.
Capture ‐ The first stage of the CCUS process is capturing the CO2. One way that CO2 can be captured is by extracting it from flue gas releases at emitting sources such as heavy industries. The three types of this capture method include: post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxyfuel combustion. The other way CO2 is captured is by removing it from the atmosphere using GGR / CDR technologies – these technologies include Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS), Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Waste Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (WECCS). These capture methods can capture more than 95% of CO2 on average
Transport ‐ The CO₂ is then compressed or liquified and transported to a suitable storage site or utilisation plant, through a pipeline, or by ship, road or rail transport, which together are referred to as non-pipeline transport (NPT).
Utilisation/Storage ‐ The CO₂ can be used to make low carbon products such as aggregates and building materials and fertilisers, but in most cases it is permanently stored through injection into a suitable offshore storage site deep under the seabed. The storage site is a carefully selected geological formation that ensures safe and permanent storage. Storage can either take place in depleted oil and gas fields, or deep saline formations.